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【】ebetiers.onthat day,charlesrtelcharlesrthefrankish ahaedann quest.hedrovethesleoutoffratheyintained theelvesinspainanfouhe caliphateofrdova,ethegreatesttreof sediaevaleurope. thisorishkingdosoe froauretaniainroc,lastedseveuries.itwas onlyaftertheosletronghold, intheyear1492,thatluusreceivedtheroyalgranth allotogouponavoyageofdisvery.thehaedans saiheirstrengthinthenes adeinasiaandafridtodaythereareas nyfollodasthereareofchrist. charlegne hoaghekingofthe franks,catobearthetitleof eerorandtriedtorevivetheold idealofpire thebattleofpoitiershadsavedeuropefrohe haedans.buttheehehopelessdisorder anpolice officerthatenereiistruethatthenes ofthechristianfaithinnortheeuropefeltadeeprespect fhtybishopofro.butthatpoorbishopdid notfeelanytoosafeohedistant untains.heavenknefreshhordesofbarbarianswere readytocrossthealpsandbegi hespiritualheadofthe ofindanallyhastrongsowerful fistodefendhisholinessincaseofdanger. andsothepopes,onlyveryholybut alsoverypraastaboutforafriend,aly theydeoverturestothestprosingofthegernic tribesheeuropeafterthefall ofro.theyhefranks.oheirearliest kings,ansileof thecatalaunianfieldsintheyear451heydefeatedthe huns.hisdesdants,therovingians,hadntio takelittlebitsofierialterritoryuntiltheyear486when kingclovistheoldfrenchself strongenoughtobeattheronsintheopen.buthis desdaheaffairsofstateto theirprihe``jordosorsterofthe palace. pepintheshort,thesonofthefauscharlesrtel, asterofthepalace,hardly kerwasa devouttheologian,houtanyiinpolitics.pepin askedthepopeforadvice.thepopeical personans uallypossessedofit.pepintookthehint.he persuadederovingianstobee ankandthendehielfkinghtheapprovalofthe ernihieftains.butthisdidnotsatisfytheshrewd pepihihanabarbarian onyathboniface, thegreatssionaryoftheeuropeannorth,anointed hinddehi``kingbythegraceofgod.itwas easytoslipthoseia,intotheronation serviostfifteenhundredyearstogettheut again. pepinefulforthiskindnesso oftheh.hedetionstoitalytodefend thepopeagainsthisenees.hetookravennaandseveral other tohisholiness,ainsinto thesocalledpapalstate,ainedanindepe untryuntilhalfaturyago. afterpepih,therelatioeandaix la,thefrankishkings didnothaveoneofficialresidetravelledfrolaceto plaere andrerdial.finallythepopeandthekingtookastep ostprofound way. charles,nlyknoagnusorchar legne,sueededpepinintheyear768.hehadnquered thelandofthesaxoegernyandhad builttoonasteriesallreaterpartofnorthe europe.attherequestofcertaineneesofabdar rahn,hehadinvadedspaintofighttheors.butin thepyreneeshehadbeenattackedbythewildbasquesand hadbeenforcedtoretire.ithisoasionthatroland, thegreatrgraveofbreton,shoafrankish eaobe faithfultohisking,andgavehislifeandthatofhistrusted folloy. duritenyearsoftheeighthtury,however, charlesselfexclusivelytoaffairsof thesouth.thepope,leoiii,hadbeenattackedbyaband ofronrofordeadireet. sokindpeoplehadbandagedhiswoundsandhadhelped hioespofcharles,whereheaskedfor help.anaroffrankssoooredquietandcarriedleo backtothelateranpalacehedaysofnstantine, hadbeenthehoofthepope.thatber oftheyear799.onchristsdayoftheyear, charlegeheservice intheahofst.peter.prayer, thepopeplaperorof theronsandhailedhihetitleof``augustus beenheardforhundredsofyears. onpire, butthedignityaainould readjustalittleandneverleaedtoe.butheuld fightandforashorthereherival eerorinnstantialetterofapprovaltohis ``dearbrother. unfortuhissplendidoldheyear814. hissonsandhisgrandsonsatoofightforthe largestshareoftheierialiahecarolingian lareatiesofverduninthe year843andbythetreatyofrsenontheuseinthe year870.thelattertreatydividedtheentirefrankishkingdobr> intots.charlestheboldreceivedthee half.itntaiheoldronprovinalledgaulwhere thelanguageofthepeoplehadbeethhlyronized. thefrankssooospeakthisla ...